๐ Introduction
To know whether a certain steel section are sufficient structually under certain design action, steel cross-section checking need to be carried out.
In this work example we run the full cross-section check of a hot-rolled CHS (457.0x12.5) in S355 carrying a compression force NEd = 1000 kN, shear force VEd = 1000 kN together with a major-axis bending moment MEd = 200 kNm, in the same order a calculation report runs it:
- Classify the section โ the class decides which property each resistance is built from
- Compression check Nc,Rd
- Shear check Vc,Rd
- Bending check Mc,y,Rd
- Combined axial + shear + bending check
The concept behind each step is explained in the companion article: How to Check a Steel Section โ Classification, Axial, Shear and Bending (Eurocode 3).
๐ Design Data
Below is the design information of the CHS (457.0x12.5), which we will check under compression, shear and major-axis bending.
| Steel Section | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | CHS | |
| Standard | 457.0x12.5 | |
| Diameter, d | 457.0mm | |
| Thickness, t | 12.5mm |
| Material | ||
|---|---|---|
| Steel Grade | S355 | |
| Yield Strength, fy | 355 N/mmยฒ | |
| Partial Factor, ฮณM0 | 1.0 |
| Design Actions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Design Axial Force (Compression), NEd | 1000 kN | |
| Design Shear Force, VEd | 1000 kN | |
| Design Bending Moment (Major Axis y), MEd | 200 kNm |
๐ข Calculation Steps
1.Section Properties of CHS (457.0x12.5)
| Area | = | |
| Moment of Inertia, Major | = | |
| Moment of Inertia, Minor | = | |
| Elastic Modulus, Major | = | |
| Elastic Modulus, Minor | = | |
| Plastic Modulus, Major | = | |
| Plastic Modulus, Minor | = | |
| Shear Area | = |
2.Section Classification
| Material Factor | = | |
| Tubular Section | = | |
| The overall cross-section is: | ||
| - Class 2 subjected to Compression | ||
| - Class 2 subjected to Bending | ||
| - Class 2 subjected to Bending and Compression | ||
3.Section Check with Design Action
3.1Compression check for Class 2 SectionCl.6.2.4
| Compression Resistance(Cl. 6.2.4(2), Eq. 6.10) โ | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
| Pure Compression Check(Cl. 6.2.4(1), Eq. 6.9) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
โด The section is sufficient for Pure Compression
3.2Shear check Cl.6.2.6
| Design Shear Resistance(Cl. 6.2.6(2)) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
| Shear Check(Cl. 6.2.6(1); Eq. 6.17) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
โด The section is sufficient for Shear
3.3Bending check โ Class 2 Cl.6.2.5
| Design Resistance for Bending at y(Cl. 6.2.5(2), Eq. 6.13) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
| Bending Check at major axis(Cl. 6.2.5, Eq. 6.12) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
โด The section is sufficient for pure bending about the major axis.
3.4Combine Bending Moment, Shear and Axial Check โ Class 2 Cl.6.2.10
| Shear Force and Resistance ratio(Cl.6.2.10(2)) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
| Reduced Moment Resistance(Cl.6.2.8(5)) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
| Bending and Axial and Shear at major axis(Eq. 6.31) | ||
|---|---|---|
| = | ||
| = | ||
| = | ||
โด The section is sufficient for Bending and Axial and Shear for y axis
๐ Summary
| The CHS (457.0x12.5) is sufficient under Compression (1000 kN), Shear (1000 kN), Moment at Major Axis (200 kNm), it : | ||
| โ Pure Compression Check (util: 16%) | ||
| โ Shear Check (util: 44%) | ||
| โ Bending Check at major axis (util: 23%) | ||
| โ Bending and Axial and Shear at major axis (util: 24%) |
๐ Need a Full Design Check Report?
If you want a similar section check with design actions โ classification, axial, shear, bending and the combined check โ with your own design data, feel free to try our application, what you need is just the design data value, and a ready-to-submit design PDF report will be generated in a minute.
References
- Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures โ Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings (EN 1993-1-1) โ ยท2005
- Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures โ Part 1-5: Plated structural elements (EN 1993-1-5) โ ยท2006
CivilSimple Team
The CivilSimple Team writes practical engineering guides for the profession and the curious. All articles are reviewed for technical accuracy before publication.